Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used in sprayable
formulations or produced in transgenic crops as the most successful alternatives to synthetic …

The gut microbiota serves as a critical “organ” in the life cycle of animals, particularly in the
intricate interplay between herbivorous pests and plants. This review summarizes the pivotal …

Transgenic crops have revolutionized insect pest control, but their effectiveness has been
reduced by evolution of resistance in pests. We analyzed global monitoring data reported …

Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have
revolutionized control of some major pests. However, more than 25 cases of field-evolved …

The introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton has reduced the burden of pests without
harming the environment and human health. However, the efficacy of Bt cotton has …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram positive soil bacterium. This bacterium secretes various
proteins during different growth phases with an insecticidal potential against many …

Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionized control of some major pests. Some recently introduced …

Vip3A proteins are widely used for controlling pest Lepidoptera. Different binding sites with
different receptors in the insect midgut membrane and lack of cross‐resistance with crystal …

Simple Summary Immune responses of Lepidopteran pests to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or
Bt toxins, including pattern recognition proteins, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their …

The polyphagous pest Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has evolved practical
resistance to transgenic corn and cotton producing Cry1 and Cry2 crystal proteins from …