Amphibians exhibit various, characteristic adaptations related to their “incomplete” shift from
the aquatic to the terrestrial habitat. In particular, the integument was subject to a number of …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Among amphibians, 15 of the 47 species reported to be
used in traditional medicines belong to the family Bufonidae, which demonstrates their …

The rapid global decline of amphibian population is alarming because many occur for
apparently unknown or enigmatic reasons, even inside protected areas (PAs). Some studies …

Toxins from toads have long been known to contain rich chemicals with great
pharmaceutical potential. Recent studies have shown more than 100 such chemical …

When toads (Rhinella) are threatened they inflate their lungs and tilt the body towards the
predator, exposing their parotoid macroglands. Venom discharge, however, needs a …

We investigated the phylogeny and biogeography of the Rhinella marina group, using
molecular, morphological, and skin-secretion data, contributing to an understanding of …

Little is known on the composition of Peruvian Amazon toad venoms. The large toad
Rhinella marina is common in the cleared tropical forests of the Iquitos region and is …

Avoiding predation is critical to survival of animals; chemical defenses represent a common
strategy among amphibians. In this study, we examined histologically the morphology of skin …

Knowledge of medicinal plants is often the only therapeutic resource of many communities
and ethnic groups.“Erva‐baleeira”, Cordia verbenacea DC., is one of the species of plants …

Amphibians are known by cutaneous glands, spread over the skin, containing toxins
(proteins, peptides, biogenic amines, steroidal bufadienolides, and alkaloids) used as …