Adhesive interactions play critical roles in directing the migration, proliferation, and
differentiation of cells; aberrations in such interactions can lead to pathological disorders …

Cells modulate their activities in response to signals from their surrounding environment.
Single cell organisms respond mainly to nutrient cues, many of which are able to cross the …

Abstract INSULIN receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is the major substrate of insulin receptor and
IGF-1 receptor tyrosine kinases; it has an apparent relative molecular mass of 160–190,000 …

Fibroblast cell lines, designated R− and W cells, were generated, respectively, from mouse
embryos homozygous for a targeted disruption of the Igflr gene, encoding the type 1 insulin …

Autophosphorylated growth factor receptors provide binding sites for the src homology 2
domains of intracellular signaling molecules. In response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) …

SH-PTP2 is a nontransmembrane human protein-tyrosine phosphatase that contains two
Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and binds to insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) via these …

We and others recently generated mice with a targeted disruption of the insulin receptor
substrate 1 (IRS-1) gene and demonstrated that they exhibited growth retardation and had …

When wild-type mouse embryo cells are stably transfected with a plasmid constitutively
overexpressing the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), the resulting cells can …

Some of the intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions are promiscuous
interactors that are involved in one-to-many and many-to-one binding. Several studies have …

Summary p21ras is a small GTPase that functions as a molecular switch in signal
transduction from activated receptor tyrosine kinases to cellular targets. Recently, progress …