Signaling by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway controls many cellular
processes, including cell division, death, and differentiation. In this second installment of a …

The pluripotency of mammalian early and late epiblast could be recapitulated by naïve
embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primed epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), respectively …

Early mammalian embryogenesis relies on a large range of cellular and molecular
mechanisms to guide cell fate. In this highly complex interacting system, molecular circuitry …

Primary human hepatocytes are widely used to evaluate liver toxicity of drugs, but they are
scarce and demanding to culture. Stem cell-derived hepatocytes are increasingly discussed …

Microalgae have great potential for the production of biofuels due to the ability of the
organism to accumulate large quantities of storage lipids under stress conditions. Mitogen …

Previous views of reactive oxygen species (ROS) depicted them as harmful byproducts of
metabolism as uncontrolled levels of ROS can lead to DNA damage and cell death …

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an attractive model to study the relationship between
signaling and cell fates. Cultured mouse ESCs can exist in multiple states resembling …

POUV is a relatively newly emerged class of POU transcription factors present in jawed
vertebrates (Gnathostomata). The function of POUV-class proteins is inextricably linked to …

In early embryogenesis, the primitive streak (PrS) generates the mesendoderm and is
essential for organogenesis. However, because the PrS is a minute and transient tissue …

The early embryonic development of mice and humans is characterized by the presence of
pluripotent cells, which give rise to all tissues of the developing embryo. About 40 years ago …