Ubiquitin ligases (E3 enzymes) transfer ubiquitin from ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes to
target proteins. By determining the selection of target proteins, modification sites on those …

Abstract The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) is an important regulator of cell signaling
and proteostasis, which are essential to a variety of cellular processes. The UPS is disrupted …

Ubiquitin (Ub) chain formation by homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT)-family E3 ligases
regulates vast biology, yet the structural mechanisms remain unknown. We used chemistry …

Specific protein–protein interactions are central to all processes that underlie cell
physiology. Numerous studies have together identified hundreds of thousands of human …

Background: The up-regulation of PD-L1 is recognized as an adaption of cancer cells to
evade immune surveillance and attack. However, the intrinsic mechanisms of the induction …

Tight control of translation is fundamental for eukaryotic cells, and deregulation of proteins
implicated contributes to numerous human diseases. The neurodegenerative disorder …

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a newly recognized group of noncoding RNA transcripts, have
established widespread attention due to their regulatory role in cell signaling. They are …

In eukaryotes, shortening of the 3′-poly (A) tail is the rate-limiting step in the degradation of
most mRNAs, and two major mRNA deadenylase complexes—Caf1–Ccr4 and Pan2–Pan3 …

The conserved RNA binding protein La recognizes UUU-3′ OH on its small nuclear RNA
ligands and stabilizes them against 3′-end-mediated decay. We report that newly …

In mammalian cells, mRNA decay begins with deadenylation, which involves two
consecutive phases mediated by the PAN2-PAN3 and the CCR4-CAF1 complexes …