Abstract The interface of protein structural biology, protein biophysics, molecular evolution,
and molecular population genetics forms the foundations for a mechanistic understanding of …

For decades, rates of protein evolution have been interpreted in terms of the vague concept
of functional importance. Slowly evolving proteins or sites within proteins were assumed to …

Substitution models of evolution describe the process of genetic variation through fixed
mutations and constitute the basis of the evolutionary analysis at the molecular level. Almost …

The evolutionary selection forces acting on a protein are commonly inferred using
evolutionary codon models by contrasting the rate of synonymous to nonsynonymous …

Protein sequence, structure, and function are inherently linked through evolution and
population genetics. Our knowledge of protein structure comes from solved structures in the …

Motivation: Models of molecular evolution aim at describing the evolutionary processes at
the molecular level. However, current models rarely incorporate information from protein …

Continued genome sequencing has fueled progress in statistical methods for understanding
the action of natural selection at the molecular level. This article reviews various statistical …

Codon-based models of evolution are a relatively new addition to the toolkit of
computational biologists, and in recent years remarkable progress has been made in this …

Background Protein sequence evolution is constrained by the biophysics of folding and
function, causing interdependence between interacting sites in the sequence. However …

Amonium hidroksida adalah larutan amonia didalam air dengan rumus NH4OH. Amonium
hidroksida merupakan senyawa yang tidak berwarna dan memiliki bau yang sangat tajam …