Neuronal microenvironment imbalance is associated with successive and irreversible
pathophysiological changes and insufficient functional restoration after peripheral nerve …

Permanent disabilities following CNS injuries result from the failure of injured axons to
regenerate and rebuild functional connections with their original targets. By contrast, injury …

Oligodendrocytes make myelin and support axons metabolically with lactate. However, it is
unknown how glucose utilization and glycolysis are adapted to the different axonal energy …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS, and
imposes major burdens on young lives. Great progress has been made in understanding …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be an autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the
CNS. In most patients, the disease follows a relapsing–remitting course and is characterized …

Axon degeneration is a characteristic event in many neurodegenerative conditions including
stroke, glaucoma, and motor neuropathies. However, the molecular pathways that regulate …

In this review, we first provide a brief historical perspective, discussing how peripheral nerve
injury (PNI) may have caused World War I. We then consider the initiation, progression, and …

The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a highly complex cell-to-cell interaction.
Oligodendrocytes and axons have a reciprocal signaling relationship in which …

The extensive lengths of neuronal processes necessitate efficient mechanisms for
communication with the cell body. Neuronal regeneration after nerve injury requires new …

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) results from a transfer of mechanical energy into the brain
from traumatic events such as rapid acceleration/deceleration, a direct impact to the head, or …