Organic crystals are widely used by animals to manipulate light for producing structural
colors and for improving vision. To date only seven crystal types are known to be used, and …

Modifiers are commonly used in natural, biological, and synthetic crystallization to tailor the
growth of diverse materials. Here, we identify tautomers as a new class of modifiers where …

Biomass derived carbons via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are critically important for
different applications due to their low cost, eco-friendly properties, light weight and potential …

Highly reflective crystals of the nucleotide base guanine are widely distributed in animal
coloration and visual systems. Organisms precisely control the morphology and organization …

Vision mechanisms in animals, especially those living in water, are diverse. Many eyes have
reflective elements that consist of multilayers of nanometer‐sized crystalline plates …

Animals precisely control the morphology and assembly of guanine crystals to produce
diverse optical phenomena in coloration and vision. However, little is known about how …

Organisms evolve mechanisms that regulate the properties of biogenic crystals to support a
wide range of functions, from vision and camouflage to communication and thermal …

Scallops possess a visual system comprising up to 200 eyes, each containing a concave
mirror rather than a lens to focus light. The hierarchical organization of the multilayered …

Heteroatom-doped two-dimensional (2D) carbon materials have been recognized as
promising metal-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their …

Effective integration of CNTs and heteroatom-doped graphene can produce a new
functional carbons that combines the extraordinary properties of heteroatom-doped …