Breast cancer heterogeneity determines cancer progression, treatment effects, and
prognosis. However, the precise mechanism for this heterogeneity remains unknown owing …

Background In metastatic breast cancer, hormone and/or human epidermal growth factor
receptor 2 (HER2)–targeted therapy decision-making is still largely based on tissue …

Purpose: Emerging data suggest immune checkpoint inhibitors have reduced efficacy in
heavily pretreated triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), but underlying mechanisms are …

Neoadjuvant therapy, where patients receive systemic therapy before surgical removal of
the tumour, can downstage tumours allowing breast-conserving surgery, rather than …

Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive with limited treatment
options upon recurrence. Molecular discordance between primary and metastatic TNBC has …

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women worldwide.
Localized breast cancer can be cured by surgery and adjuvant therapy, but mortality …

The present study aimed to identify the therapeutic role of the forkhead box M1 (FOXM1)-
associated pathway in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using a Cancer Landscapes …

Background Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple
histologic and molecular subtypes. While a myriad of breast cancer cell lines have been …

When distant metastases are discovered, it is important to determine receptor profiles of
these lesions through histologic examination. However, brain metastasis sites are difficult to …

Purpose Receptor and subtype discordance between primary breast tumours and
metastases is a frequently reported phenomenon. The aim of this article is to review the …