[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of smartphones by university
students in selected areas, their musculoskeletal symptoms, and the associated hazard …

The number of smartphone users globally is rapidly increasing. This study aimed to assess
the level of ergonomic risk to smartphone users, and to evaluate the correlation between any …

BACKGROUND: In our digital society, the use of smartphones has increased rapidly.
Parallel with the growing use of smartphones, musculoskeletal problems associated with …

This study examined the differences in neck muscle activity at various neck flexion angles in
smartphone users with and without neck pain. Forty-four participants performed texting tasks …

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the duration of smartphone usage
on cervical and lumbar spine flexion angles and reposition error in the cervical spine. The …

Background: Smartphone has become a very popular necessity among students. An
individual has to look at their phone's small monitor and perform repetitive movements in an …

[Purpose] The purposes of this study were to: 1) survey smartphone addiction among
university students, 2) survey the prevalence of upper body musculoskeletal symptoms in …

Abstract Voice User Interface (VUI) is the most familiar and comfortable interface to human.
Recently, with the development of cloud and AI technologies VUI has been applied to …

초 록음성 사용자 인터페이스 (VUI) 는 인간에게 가장 친숙하고 편안한 인터페이스이다. VUI
는이미 스마트폰에 적용되어 있으며 최근에는 클라우드 및 AI 기술의 발전으로 VUI 적용 …

The purpose of this study were to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of
shoulder passive range of motion measurement using the" Clinometer+ bubble level", a …