Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that mediates plant responses to developmental
and environmental cues. Calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CDPK s) are key actors of …

The functions of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine in
plants are discussed. Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in redox systems in cells and various …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous reactive oxygen species (ROS) that has evolved as a
signaling hormone in many physiological processes in animals. In plants it has been …

The role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a signal in animals has been documented for
over 60 years. In contrast, evidence that GABA is a signal in plants has only emerged in the …

Drought is a major threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Calcium-dependent protein
kinases (CDPKs, CPKs) are believed to play important roles in plant responses to drought …

As a ubiquitous secondary messenger in plant signaling systems, calcium ions (Ca2+) play
essential roles in plant growth and development. Within the cellular signaling network, the …

Drought is a major abiotic stress that threatens maize production globally. A previous
genome‐wide association study identified a significant association between the natural …

Early plant responses to different stress situations often encompass cytosolic Ca2+
increases, plasma membrane depolarization and the generation of reactive oxygen species …

Chloride (Cl−) has traditionally been considered a micronutrient largely excluded by plants
due to its ubiquity and abundance in nature, its antagonism with nitrate (NO3−), and its …