One commonly cited benefit to animals that forage in groups is an increase in the probability
of detecting a predator, and a decrease in the time spent in predator detection. A …

A reduction in individual vigilance with an increase in group size is one of the most
frequently reported relationships in the study of animal behaviour. It has been argued that …

Predation is considered one of the most important selective pressures on free-ranging
animals. Our understanding of it derives mainly from studies of individual vigilance (visual …

The classic literature on predation dealt almost exclusively with solitary predators and their
prey. Going back to Lotka-Volterra and optimal foraging theory, the theory about predation …

Since most animals are the prey of others, antipredator behavior is widespread. While
primary defenses, eg, crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry, forestall the attack of predators …

Social dominance plays an important role in assessing and obtaining access to patchy or
scarce food sources in group-foraging herbivores. We investigated the foraging strategies of …

Vigilance behaviour was examined in four groups of white-faced capuchins in Santa Rosa
National Park, Costa Rica. In each group, males spent more time vigilant than females …

Foraging animals are usually simultaneously both predator and prey. This simple truism
dictates that many animals face a profound conflict between predator avoidance and …

Social foraging differs from individual foraging because it alters both resource availability
and the forager's behavior. We examined responses of starlings to the presence of …

The risk–disturbance hypothesis proposes that organisms respond to generalized threat
stimuli; therefore, human disturbances that elicit these behaviours will cause individuals to …