Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

Midbrain dopamine neurons are well known for their strong responses to rewards and their
critical role in positive motivation. It has become increasingly clear, however, that dopamine …

Why does performing certain tasks cause the aversive experience of mental effort and
concomitant deterioration in task performance? One explanation posits a physical resource …

Studies of neural oscillations in the beta band (13–30 Hz) have demonstrated modulations
in beta-band power associated with sensory and motor events on time scales of 1 s or more …

Habits form a crucial component of behavior. In recent years, key computational models
have conceptualized habits as arising from model-free reinforcement learning mechanisms …

Parkinson's disease causes a characteristic combination of motor symptoms due to
progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars …

Humans routinely formulate plans in domains so complex that even the most powerful
computers are taxed. To do so, they seem to avail themselves of many strategies and …

Although motor learning is likely to involve multiple processes, phenomena observed in
error-based motor learning paradigms tend to be conceptualized in terms of only a single …

The role of dopamine in behaviour and decision-making is often cast in terms of
reinforcement learning and optimal decision theory. Here, we present an alternative view …

Progress in characterization of the nature, neural basis, and treatment of cognitive deficits in
Parkinson's disease is reviewed from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. An initial …