Interferons (IFN s) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two
types of IFN s, ie type I and type II IFN s have been reported in a range of fish species in …

Interferons (IFNs) are proteins of vital importance in the body's immune response. They are
formed in different types of cells and have been found in fish, amphibians, reptiles and …

IFN-γ, as the sole member of mammalian type II IFN, is a multifunctional cytokine which
exerts its effects through two distinct IFN-γ receptors, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. However, in …

In mammals, type II interferon (IFN; ie IFN-γ) signalling transduces through its specific
receptors IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2. In an osteoglossiform fish, the arapaima Arapaima gigas …

Gene duplication leads to subfunctionalization of paralogs. In mammals, IFN-γ is the sole
member of the type II IFN family and binds to a receptor complex consisting of IFN-γR1 and …

Host–pathogen conflicts leave genetic signatures in genes that are critical for host defense
functions. Using these “molecular scars” as a guide to discover gene functions, we …

IFN-γ is one of the key cytokines involved in Th1 immune responses. It is produced mainly
by T cells and NK cells, which drive both innate and adaptive responses to promote …

This work unfolds functionalized ABSs composed of FILs ([C2C1Im][C4F9SO3] and [N1112
(OH)][C4F9SO3]), mere fluoro-containing ILs ([C2C1Im][CF3SO3] and [C4C1Im][CF3SO3]) …

Crystallographic resolution is a key characteristic of diffraction data and represents one of
the first decisions an experimenter has to make in data evaluation. Conservative …

Interferon alpha-2b (IFN-α 2b) is an essential cytokine widely used in the treatment of
chronic hepatitis C and hairy cell leukemia, and serum albumin is the most abundant plasma …