Highly precise micromanipulation tools that can manipulate and interrogate cell organelles
and components must be developed to support the rapid development of new cell-based …

Robotic micromanipulation is a relatively young field. However, after three decades of
development and evolution, the fundamental physics; techniques for sensing, actuation, and …

Magnetic microrobots were developed for three-dimensional culture and the precise delivery
of stem cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Hippocampal neural stem cells attached to the …

Gene therapy, a medical approach that involves the correction or replacement of defective
and abnormal genes, plays an essential role in the treatment of complex and refractory …

As mechanical end-effectors, microgrippers enable the pick–transport–place of micrometer-
sized objects, such as manipulation and positioning of biological cells in an aqueous …

As an important embodiment of biomanipulation, injection of foreign materials (eg, DNA,
RNAi, sperm, protein, and drug compounds) into individual cells has significant implications …

Robots consisting of several concentric, preshaped, elastic tubes can work dexterously in
narrow, constrained, and/or winding spaces, as are commonly found in minimally invasive …

This paper is the first report of robotic intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). ICSI is a
clinical procedure performed worldwide in fertility clinics, requiring pick-up of a single sperm …

Biological cell injection is laborious work that requires lengthy training and suffers from a low
success rate. In this paper, a robotic cell-injection system for automatic injection of batch …

Microengineering/nanoengineering is an emerging field that enables engineering and
scientific discoveries in the microworld. As an effective and powerful tool for automation and …