Background: Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of
the most significant advances of modern civilization in fields as diverse as medicine …

Nowadays, plastic products are closely related to human life. While it brings convenience to
human beings, there are also great health and environmental threats. Most of the plastic …

While macroplastics have been washing up on Southern Ocean islands for decades and
microplastics have been found in seabirds from the region since 1960, there are still …

Ecosystems in remote regions tend to be highly specific, having historically evolved over
long timescales in relatively constant environmental conditions, with little human influence …

Plastic waste accumulation has been recognized as one of the most critical challenges of
modern societies worldwide. Traditional waste management practices include open burning …

With the focus on microplastic in current research, macroplastic is often not further
considered. Thus, this review paper is the first to analyse the entry paths, accumulation …

The Antarctic is considered to be a pristine environment relative to other regions of the Earth,
but it is increasingly vulnerable to invasions by marine, freshwater and terrestrial non‐native …

Most plastic debris floating at sea is thought to come from land-based sources, but there is
little direct evidence to support this assumption. Since 1984, stranded debris has been …

To date there is no gold standard for sampling microplastics. Zooplankton sampling
methods, such as plankton and Neuston nets, are commonly used to estimate the …

Microplastic pollution mainly emanates from terrestrial sources but studies of plastic
contamination in freshwater ecosystems remain limited. Consumption of freshwater fish is …