Although XML Document Type Definitions provide a mechanism for specifying, in machine-
readable form, the syntax of an XML markup language, there is no comparable mechanism …

In this paper, we present the Multiple Annotation approach, which solves two problems: the
problem of annotating overlapping structures, and the problem that occurs when documents …

Digital developments have extended the range of text objects we can reproduce and
investigate critically. Should all future texts be produced in digital or online form, or does …

Seamless integration of various, often heterogeneous linguistic resources (in terms of their
output formats) and merging of the respective annotation layers are crucial tasks for …

In this paper we describe the extended standoff approach defined by XStandoff (the
successor of the Sekimo Generic Format, SGF), together with the accompanied collection of …

Markup licenses inferences about a text. But the information warranting such inferences may
not be entirely explicit in the syntax of the markup language used to encode the text. This …

By" identity conditions" we mean a method for determining whether an object x and an
object y are the same object. Identity conditions are arguably an essential feature of any …

We present an approach on how to investigate what kind of semantic information is regularly
associated with the structural markup of scientific articles. This approach addresses the …

In this chapter, two different ways of grouping information represented in document markup
are examined: annotation levels, referring to conceptual levels of description, and …

A number of applications that process XML documents interpret them as objects of
application specific classes in a given domain. Generic interfaces such as SAX and DOM …