Estrogens mediate profound effects throughout the body and regulate physiological and
pathological processes in both women and men. The low prevalence of many diseases in …

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology, aging and many
disease states. Although the nuclear estrogen receptors have classically been described to …

Estrogen can elicit pleiotropic cellular responses via a diversity of estrogen receptors (ERs)—
mediated genomic and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. Unlike the genomic responses …

Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when
studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are …

Using cDNA cloning strategies commonly employed for G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCR), GPCR-30 (GPR30), was isolated from mammalian cells before knowledge of its …

Rapid effects of steroid hormones were discovered in the early 1950s, but the subject was
dominated in the 1970s by discoveries of estradiol and progesterone stimulating protein …

Estrogen has important effects on cardiovascular function including regulation of vascular
function, blood pressure, endothelial relaxation, and the development of hypertrophy and …

The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) sharply increases in women
after menopause and may lead to heart failure. While evidence suggests that estrogens …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally for men and women.
Premenopausal women have a lower incidence of hypertension and other cardiovascular …

Estrogens are critical mediators of multiple and diverse physiologic effects throughout the
body in both sexes, including the reproductive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, and …