Sex-based differences in human disease are caused in part by the levels of endogenous
sex steroid hormones which regulate mitochondrial metabolism. This review updates a …

In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to
mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes …

Mitochondria have emerged as a central factor in the pathogenesis and progression of heart
failure, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well, but no therapies are available to treat …

Mitochondria are ancient organelles that are thought to have emerged from once free-living
α-proto-bacteria. As such, they still possess several bacterial-like qualities, including a semi …

The electron transport chain is the primary pathway by which a cell generates energy in the
form of ATP. Byproducts of this process produce reactive oxygen species that can cause …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an accomplice in most of the
common human diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes …

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for energy production and cell
metabolism. Disorders in mitochondrial function impair tissue integrity and have been …

Cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines can incorporate human subject mitochondria and
perpetuate its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded components. Since the nuclear …

Invasive breast cancer tends to metastasize to lymph nodes and systemic sites. The
management of metastasis has evolved by focusing on controlling the growth of the disease …

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, which couple the various cellular processes that
regulate metabolism, cell proliferation and survival. Environmental stress can cause …