Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces
severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide …

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

Lipid peroxidation–dependent ferroptosis has become an emerging strategy for tumor
therapy. However, current strategies not only selectively induce ferroptosis in malignant cells …

Fifty years since the initial discovery of HMGB1 in 1973 as a structural protein of chromatin,
HMGB1 is now known to regulate diverse biological processes depending on its subcellular …

On 12 March 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a
pandemic by the World Health Organization. As of 4 August 2020, more than 18 million …

The innate immune system has the capacity to detect 'non-self'molecules derived from
pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, via pattern recognition …

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved, nuclear protein present in all cell
types. It is a multi-facet protein exerting functions both inside and outside of cells …

Over the last two decades, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an endogenous
regulator of a broad range of physiological functions. H2S belongs to the class of molecules …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, are generated
as byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria or via cell signaling-induced …

Summary Caspase-11, a cytosolic endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) receptor, mediates
pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death. Caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis mediates lethality in …