This paper provides a summary of the extensive theoretical and empirical work that has
been carried out in recent years testing the adaptational significance of various spider‐ant …

Warning signals are a striking example of natural selection present in almost every
ecological community–from Nordic meadows to tropical rainforests, defended prey species …

This book about various types of visual defense (coloration, morphology, movement) of
plants against herbivores is not just a list of facts and hypotheses, with a reference source …

Diverse functions have been assigned to the visual appearance of webs, spiders and web
decorations, including prey attraction, predator deterrence and camouflage. Here, we review …

Mimicry has evolved in contexts such as camouflage, predator deterrence, luring of prey,
and pollinator attraction. Mimicry of flowers has until now been demonstrated only in …

Many animals use visual traits as a predator defence. Understanding these visual traits from
the perspective of predators is critical in generating new insights about predator–prey …

Mimicry is the phenotypic resemblance of one organism to another because the
resemblance is favored by selection from a signal receiver who perceives the resemblance …

Abstract Most ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) possess chemical protection against
predators and signal its presence by less or more conspicuous coloration, which can be …

According to anecdotal evidence, some spiders are inaccurate mimics of ants, that is, they
resemble one or several ant models in coloration, but not in body form. Here, we studied the …

Innate vision-based aversions to model and mimic were investigated using a mimicry system
in which the models were ants (Formicidae), and both the mimics and the predators were …