Background The aim of this study is to describe the major evolutionary historical events
among Leishmania, sandflies, and the associated animal reservoirs in detail, in accordance …

In this review article the history of leishmaniasis is discussed regarding the origin of the
genus Leishmania in the Mesozoic era and its subsequent geographical distribution, initial …

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum is a life threatening zoonotic
disease with a wide distribution in four continents and importance also in non-endemic …

Leishmaniasis remains a public health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 12
million people in 88 countries; 50 000 die of it each year. The disease is caused by …

Reptile vector-borne diseases (RVBDs) of zoonotic concern are caused by bacteria,
protozoa and viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors, which belong to the subclass Acarina …

Background Leishmania tarentolae is a protozoan isolated from geckoes (Tarentola
annularis, Tarentola mauritanica), which is considered non-pathogenic and is transmitted by …

The Leishmania granuloma shares some, though not all, properties with that formed
following mycobacterial infection. As a simplified, noncaseating granuloma composed of …

It is important to determine the origins of human parasites if we are to understand the health
of past populations and the effects of parasitism upon human evolution. It also helps us to …

Leishmania, a genus of parasites transmitted to human hosts and mammalian/reptilian
reservoirs by an insect vector, is the causative agent of the human disease complex …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are
neglected tropical diseases that occur in all intertropical regions of the world. Amazonian …