Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk for all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular
events. In addition to traditional risk factors, excessive oxidative stress (OS) and chronic …

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is an essential micronutrient and fat-soluble antioxidant with
proposed role in protecting tissues from uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. This vitamin has …

Increased serum levels of uric acid have been associated with the onset and development of
chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease, and mortality, through several …

Hemodialysis, the most common modality of renal replacement therapy, is critically required
to remove uremic toxins from the blood of patients with end-stage kidney disease. However …

Oxidative stress (OS) is the result of prooxidant molecules overwhelming the antioxidant
defense mechanisms. Hemodialysis (HD) constitutes a state of elevated inflammation and …

In 1922, Evans and Bishop demonstrated the existence of a hitherto unrecognized dietary
factor essential for normal reproduction in the rat. 1 It was accepted at that time that the most …

In this review we summarized some information regarding the link between kidney and
oxidative stress. Accruing evidences indicated the kidney as a fundamental organ in reactive …

The disruption of balance between production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant
systems in favor of the oxidants is termed oxidative stress (OS). To counteract the damaging …

Dialysis membranes were traditionally classified according to their material compositions (ie,
as cellulosic or synthetic) and on the basis of the new concept of the sieving coefficient …

Inflammation and oxidative stress are closely related to cardiovascular complications and
atherosclerosis, and have the potential to lead to an increase in death in patients receiving …