Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad
pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose …

Incretin hormones are gut peptides that are secreted after nutrient intake and stimulate
insulin secretion together with hyperglycaemia. GIP (glucose‐dependent insulinotropic …

Cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients
with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates mechanisms underlying …

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic
population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are …

This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating the synthesis, secretion, biological
actions, and therapeutic relevance of the incretin peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic …

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the
intestinal epithelial endocrine L-cells by differential processing of proglucagon, the gene …

Gut peptides, exemplified by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent
insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted in a nutrient-dependent manner and stimulate …

Hypertension (HTN) is present in more than 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and
contributes significantly to both microvascular and macrovascular disease in DM (Fig. 1). 1 …

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the two
primary incretin hormones secreted from the intestine on ingestion of glucose or nutrients to …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that enhances glucose-stimulated
insulin secretion and exerts direct and indirect actions on the cardiovascular system. GLP-1 …