Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they
are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant, nearly accounting for 30–50% of
stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. TAMs exhibit an immunosuppressive M2-like …

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a major barrier for
effective immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly heterogeneous …

Simple Summary Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viruses that selectively target and kill cancer
cells while sparing normal ones. OVs are from diverse families of viruses, but naturally …

In view of the advancement in the understanding about the most diverse types of cancer and
consequently a relentless search for a cure and increased survival rates of cancer patients …

Tumor cells manipulate the local environment in which they grow, creating a tumor
microenvironment (TME) that promotes tumor survival and metastasis. The TME is an …

Simple Summary CD3-bispecific antibody therapy is a form of immunotherapy that enables
soldier cells of the immune system to recognize and kill tumor cells. This type of therapy is …

Macrophages are important effector cells of the innate immune system and are also major
components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Macrophages that are abundant in the …

Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are an innovative class of immunotherapeutics that
redirect T cells to tumor surface antigens. While efficacious against certain hematological …

The number and phenotype of macrophages are closely related to tumor growth and
prognosis. Macrophages are recruited to (and polarized at) the tumor site thereby promoting …