Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites function as critical regulators
to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells to adapt to environmental …

Animal experimentation helps us to understand human biology. Rodents and, in particular,
rats are among the most common animals used in animal experiments. Reporting data on …

Ischaemic stroke involves the rapid onset of focal neurological dysfunction, most commonly
due to an arterial blockage in a specific region of the brain. Stroke is a leading cause of …

There is a great clinical need to identify the underlying mechanisms, as well as related
biomarkers, and treatment targets, for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation is a …

Aging is a complex process that differentially impacts multiple cognitive, sensory, neuronal
and molecular processes. Technological innovations now allow for parallel investigation of …

Aging adversely affects inflammatory processes in the brain, which has important
implications in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Following traumatic brain …

Repetitive, mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBIs) are increasingly common in adolescents
and encompass one of the largest neurological health concerns in the world. Adolescence is …

Elderly patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have greater mortality and poorer outcomes
than younger individuals. The extent to which old age alters long-term recovery and chronic …

Epileptic seizure refers to a brief occurrence of signs in the brain caused by abnormally high
or synchronized neuronal activity. With the utilization of EEG signal, the epileptic seizure can …

Neuronanomedicine is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims to create innovative
nanotechnologies to treat major neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and …