In recent years, a type of extracellular vesicles named exosomes has emerged that play an
important role in intercellular communication under physiological and pathological …

Genes that are thought to be critical for the survival of organisms or cells are called essential
genes. The prediction of essential genes and their products (essential proteins) is of great …

Metformin is the most commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes, owing to its
glucose-lowering effects, which are mediated through the suppression of hepatic glucose …

Chronic, sustained exposure to stressors can profoundly affect tissue homeostasis, although
the mechanisms by which these changes occur are largely unknown. Here we report that the …

Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is important for learning and memory formation.
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a specific form of synaptic plasticity that is induced upon …

The proximal tubule has a remarkable capacity for repair after acute injury, but the cellular
lineage and molecular mechanisms underlying this repair response are incompletely …

BM adipocytes (BMAd) are a unique cell population derived from BM mesenchymal
progenitors and marrow adipogenic lineage precursors. Although they have long been …

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues (ATs) are secretory organs that release secretory
factors including cytokines and exosomes. These factors mediate muscle–adipose crosstalk …

The patterning and ossification of the mammalian skeleton requires the coordinated actions
of both intrinsic bone morphogens and extrinsic neurovascular signals, which function in a …

In the adult hippocampus, synaptic plasticity is important for information processing,
learning, and memory encoding. Astrocytes, the most common glial cells, play a pivotal role …