Focusing on firm heterogeneity and introducing financial constraints into the model of
Berman et al.(2012), this paper analyses how financial constraints affect the exchange rate …

Purpose This study aims to add to the growing literature on the trade–finance nexus by
exploring the interplay between a country's level of financial development, the external …

This study uses strictly comparable data for small and medium sized enterprises from
industry or services in 25 European countries to test for links between credit restrictions and …

Can religiosity affect the emergence and migration patterns of scientists? We focus on 19th-
century France, a period in which the Catholic Church had embraced a particularly …

Does the degree of finance dependence, defined as firms' reliance on external finance for
regular production activities, determine exporters' heterogeneous responses to real …

The Indonesian consumer goods industry has been stagnant for four years 2014–2018 with
the export average of only 5.5 trillion or equivalents to zero% growth. Since the government …

The empirical evidence on the relationship between the real exchange rate and export
performance in emerging economies is inconclusive. In this paper, we present evidence that …

Purpose This paper first examines how changes in the real effective exchange rate and its
volatility affect the exporting activities of firms. Next, it investigates whether exchange rate …

China's dependence on oil imports has greatly increased in recent years. Due to the rapid
expansion of global trade, exporting plays an important role in the Chinese economy. This …

Tariff pass-through is critical for considering the benefits of trade liberalization, the
beneficiaries, and the extent. This study empirically examines the tariff pass-through in …