Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in coordinating
innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, and apoptotic cell death. NF-κB is activated by …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a general term for representing the pathway by which
various stimuli affect ER functions. ER stress induces the evolutionarily conserved signaling …

The molecular mechanisms linking the stress of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER stress) to glucose intolerance in obese animals are poorly understood. In this …

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) is an important mechanism regulating
global and gene-specific translation in response to different environmental stresses. Central …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common liver disease in the
world. It encompasses a histological spectrum, ranging from simple, nonprogressive …

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and
oxidative stress. To investigate whether the transcription factor CCAAT/Enhancer binding …

The endoplasmic reticulum has a central role in biosynthesis of a variety of proteins and
lipids. Mitochondria generate ATP, synthesize and process numerous metabolites, and are …

The IFN family of cytokines operates a frontline defense against pathogens and neoplastic
cells in vivo by controlling the expression of several genes. The death-associated protein …

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and C/EBPδ are transcription factors of the
basic-leucine zipper class which share phylogenetic, structural and functional features. In …

The innate immune molecule Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was initially shown to combat bacterial
infection by binding bacterial siderophores, hence impairing microbial iron sequestration. In …