Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by
impairments in social communication, repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and …

Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous
system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood …

The nervous system comprises a remarkably diverse and complex network of cell types,
which must communicate with one another with speed, reliability, and precision. Thus, the …

Microglial reactivity to injury and disease is emerging as a heterogeneous, dynamic, and
crucial determinant in neurological disorders. However, the plasticity and fate of disease …

Schizophrenia is a major psychotic disorder with multifactorial etiology that includes
interactions between genetic vulnerability and environmental risk factors. In addition …

Early-life environmental exposures play a significant role in shaping long-lasting immune
phenotypes and disease susceptibility. Nevertheless, comprehensive understanding of the …

Environmental toxicant exposure, including air pollution, is increasing worldwide. However,
toxicant exposures are not equitably distributed. Rather, low-income and minority …

Activation of the maternal immune system during gestation has been associated with an
increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring, particularly schizophrenia …

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely restricted, leading to a significant increase in the
production of bisphenol AF (BPAF), one of the most common bisphenol analogs use as a …

Perturbations to the in utero environment can dramatically change the trajectory of offspring
neurodevelopment. Insults commonly encountered in modern human life such as infection …