The classical studies of nicotine by Langley at the turn of the 20th century introduced the
concept of a “receptive substance,” from which the idea of a “receptor” came to light …

Rationale This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges
and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which …

Patients with mental illness have a higher incidence of smoking than the general population
and are the major consumers of tobacco products. This population includes subjects with …

Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in
developed countries. Dramatic changes in the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the …

Molecular identification of the genes and resulting protein sequences for a large number of
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits has stimulated numerous studies …

Because initial reinforcement consequences set the stage for subsequent nicotine use,
elucidation of the contribution of environmental and inherited factors is crucial to an …

The route of drug delivery is an important consideration in studies that evaluate the long-
term biobehavioral adaptations that occur in response to chronic drug administration …

Smokers have substantial individual differences in quit success in response to current
treatments for nicotine dependence. This observation may suggest that different underlying …

Recent evidence suggests that cigarette smoking has a heritability index around 53%. While
related research on underlying mechanisms also supports the idea that genetic factors …

Upregulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) is a venerable result of
chronic exposure to nicotine; but it is one of several consequences of pharmacological …