Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors and include the receptors for
steroid hormones, lipophilic vitamins, sterols, and bile acids. These receptors serve as …

Antiestrogen therapy remains one of the most widely used and effective treatments for the
management of endocrine responsive breast cancers. This reflects the ability of …

BACKGROUND The nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen is well established as an effective
treatment for patients with breast carcinoma, both for the treatment of metastatic disease and …

Abstract 7α-[9-(4, 4, 5, 5, 5-Pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)-nonyl] estra-1, 3, 5,(10)-triene-3, 17β-
diol (ICI 182,780; Faslodex) is a novel steroidal antiestrogen. This partially blind …

Since the description of the first antioestrogen, MER 25, more than four decades ago (Lerner
et al. 1958), and of tamoxifen ten years later (Harper & Walpole 1967a, b), a large number of …

Pituitary hyperplasia and lactotroph replication are induced by estrogen. The product of the
pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) exhibits in vitro and in vivo transforming activity …

Tamoxifen is one of the most effective treatments for breast cancer through its ability to
antagonize estrogen-dependent growth by binding estrogen receptors (ERs) and inhibiting …

Drug resistance is a major challenge in conventional endocrine therapy for estrogen
receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (BC). BC is a multifactorial disease, in which …

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women while it is the second cause of cancer
death. Estrogens are well recognized to play the predominant role in breast cancer …

Oestrogen receptor (ER) levels are usually maintained on acquisition of tamoxifen
resistance in the clinic, however, tumour re-growth is associated with increased expression …