Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Secretion of cellular components across the plasma membrane is an essential process that
enables organisms to interact with their environments. Production of extracellular vesicles in …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of
origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate …

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are nano-sized, lipid membrane-delimited particles
filled with bacteria-derived components. They have important roles in the physiology and …

Bacterial membrane vesicles are proteoliposomal nanoparticles produced by both Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As they originate from the outer surface of the bacteria …

Gram‐positive bacteria ubiquitously produce membrane vesicles (MVs), and although they
contribute to biological functions, our knowledge regarding their composition and …

Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections.
However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have …

Membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanoparticles composed of lipid membranes that are
produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. MVs have been assigned …

Gram-negative bacteria ubiquitously produce and release nano-size, non-replicative outer
membrane vesicles (OMVs). In the gastrointestinal (GI-) tract, OMVs generated by members …

Intestinal microenvironment dysbiosis is one of the major causes of diseases, such as
obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. Microbiota-based …