Small RNAs are ubiquitously present regulators in all kingdoms of life. Most bacterial and
archaeal small RNAs (sRNAs) act by antisense mechanisms on multiple target mRNAs …

Small RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria have evolved with diverse mechanisms to balance their
target gene expression in response to changes in the environment. Accumulating studies on …

Polyamines are small polycationic molecules found in almost all cells and associated with a
wide variety of physiological processes. In recent years it has become increasingly clear …

Among the intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) are a group
of intracellular pathogens able to enter epithelial cells of colon, multiplicate within them, and …

Bacterial cells often face hostile environmental conditions, to which they adapt by activation
of stress responses. In E scherichia coli, environmental stresses resulting in significant …

Much is known about the molecular effectors of pathogenicity of gram-negative enteric
pathogens, among which Shigella can be considered a model. This is due to its capacity to …

Shigella spp. are one of the leading causes of infectious diarrheal diseases. They are
Escherichia coli pathovars that are characterized by the harboring of a large plasmid that …

Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) are widespread types of protein
machinery, typically consisting of a histidine kinase membrane sensor and a cytoplasmic …

Horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in the evolution of bacterial species,
conferring new genetic traits on the recipient bacterium that extend its range of phenotypes …

Nucleoid-associated proteins typically are abundant, low-molecular-mass polypeptides that
bind DNA and alter its shape and its ability to participate in transactions such as …