We provide a broad overview of the underlying philosophy of ecological monitoring. We
argue that the major characteristics of effective monitoring programs typically include:(1) …

Long-term research and monitoring can provide important ecological insights and are
crucial for the improved management of ecosystems and natural resources. However, many …

Soil organic carbon (SOC) changes under future climate warming are difficult to quantify in
situ. Here we apply an innovative approach combining space-for-time substitution with meta …

Long‐term ecological studies are critical for providing key insights in ecology, environmental
change, natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we …

5. Space-for-Tlme Substitution 111 dams and organic storage in streams introduce a past to
certain aquatic systems. The impact of temporal differences in fish recruitment can cascade …

Covering not only brown trout, but also their close relatives, this book provides valuable
information which is also relevant to animal ecology. The book highlights the global success …

Ornithologists have played a key role in the development of the habitat concept. The
conspicuous nature of birds has allowed ornithologists to assemble a vast amount of …

40 Years of Evolution is a landmark study of the finches first made famous by Charles
Darwin, one that documents as never before the evolution of species through natural …

Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to understanding the natural environment
and managing major environmental problems. Yet they are often done very poorly and …

A detailed and relatively evenly resolved food web of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, was
constructed to evaluate the sensitivity of food—web patterns to the level of detail (degree of …