The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing
those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential …

We have come to recognize the brain as a predictive organ, anticipating attributes of the
incoming sensory stimulation to guide perception and action in the service of adaptive …

Learning to predict rewards based on environmental cues is essential for survival. It is
believed that animals learn to predict rewards by updating predictions whenever the …

Modern computation based on von Neumann architecture is now a mature cutting-edge
science. In the von Neumann architecture, processing and memory units are implemented …

Significant evidence supports the view that dopamine shapes learning by encoding reward
prediction errors. However, it is unknown whether striatal targets receive tailored dopamine …

A large body of evidence has indicated that the phasic responses of midbrain dopamine
neurons show a remarkable similarity to a type of teaching signal (temporal difference (TD) …

Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

Dopaminergic projection axons from the midbrain to the striatum are crucial for motor
control, as their degeneration in Parkinson disease results in profound movement deficits …

It has long been assumed that social animals, such as humans, are born with a brain system
that has evolved to support social affiliation. However, the evidence does not necessarily …

Selective attention comprises essential infrastructural functions supporting cognition—
anticipating, prioritizing, selecting, routing, integrating, and preparing signals to guide …