Cooperative management of pest susceptibility to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
crops is pursued worldwide in a variety of forms and to varying degrees of success …

Highlights•All indications are that the status of crop pest will increase in Africa.•Over reliance
on insecticides and Bt crops leads to evolution of resistance.•Small holder farmers are not …

Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith) is an invasive lepidopteran pest
established in most of sub-Saharan Africa since 2016. Although the immediate reaction of …

Simple Summary Fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize and other cultivated
crops, has been established in Kenya since 2016. It is a serious threat to maize production …

The recent invasion of Africa by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a lepidopteran pest
of maize and other crops, has heightened concerns about food security for millions of …

As development donors invest hundreds of millions of dollars into improved crops designed
to alleviate poverty and hunger, Africa has emerged as the final frontier in the global debate …

Highlights•Insect resistance management strategy for Bt crops.•Field-evolved insect
resistance to Bt crops.•Efficacy of natural refuge in delaying insect resistance to Bt …

Agriculture plays a vital role in the South African economy, as well as in the production of
maize for food. Genetically modified maize is transformed to encode for crystalline (Cry) …

BACKGROUND Sesamia nonagrioides is an important maize pest in the Mediterranean
basin that is effectively controlled by Cry1Ab‐expressing maize (Bt maize). The continued …

Arthropods have coevolved with plants for millions of years. As plants have evolved
defenses, arthropods have adapted to these defenses. The same is true for crops bred by …