The structure, function, and evolution of proteins depend on physical and genetic
interactions among amino acids. Recent studies have used new strategies to explore the …

To what extent is the convergent evolution of protein function attributable to convergent or
parallel changes at the amino acid level? The mutations that contribute to adaptive protein …

John Maynard Smith compared protein evolution to the game where one word is converted
into another a single letter at a time, with the constraint that all intermediates are words …

The study of molecular evolution at the level of protein-coding genes often entails comparing
large datasets of sequences to infer their evolutionary relationships. Despite the importance …

The present review focuses on the evolution of proteins and the impact of amino acid
mutations on function from a structural perspective. Proteins evolve under the law of natural …

Mutations in protein active sites can dramatically improve function. The active site, however,
is densely packed and extremely sensitive to mutations. Therefore, some mutations may …

The number of reported germline mutations in human nuclear genes, either underlying or
associated with inherited disease, has now exceeded 100,000 in more than 3,700 different …

The primary aim of this book is to provide a synthesis of our current understanding of
hemoglobin function and evolution, and to illustrate how research on one particular family of …

Highlights•Adaptive protein evolution may be facilitated by conditionally neutral
mutations.•Mutations can have different effects on different genetic backgrounds.• …

This novel text provides a concise synthesis of how the interactions between mitochondrial
and nuclear genes have played a major role in shaping the ecology and evolution of …