Pain imposes a significant urden on patients, affecting them physically, psychologically, and
economically. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenesis of pain, its clinical …

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine
mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological …

Ischemic stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the blood-brain barrier-forming brain
endothelial cells (BECs) results in long-term neurological dysfunction post-stroke. We …

Pain is the leading symptom for most individuals with osteoarthritis (OA), a complex
condition marked by joint discomfort. Recently, the dynamic interplay between the nervous …

Our previous studies had reported that microglia activation one day before stress exposure
prevented the behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress in adult mice, and a 10 …

Background Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate intercellular communication by
transferring RNA, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. These cargo molecules are …

Despite recent progress regarding inexpensive medical approaches, many individuals suffer
from moderate to severe pain globally. The discovery and advent of exosomes, as biological …

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life‐threatening pathological disease characterized by the
damage of pulmonary endothelial cells and epithelial cell barriers by uncontrolled …

Neuropathic pain (NP) resulting from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system can
lead to loss of function and reduced life quality. Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the …

Macrophages (Mφs) are significant innate immune cells that perform a variety of tasks in
response to different pathogens or stimuli. They are widely engaged in the pathological …