When helper T (TH) cell polarization was initially described three decades ago, the TH cell
universe grew dramatically. New subsets were described based on their expression of few …

As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor
immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss …

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with type 2 cytokines
interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, which promote airway eosinophilia, mucus …

The epithelial cell–derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25
are central regulators of type 2 immunity, which drives a broad array of allergic responses …

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve
T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise, involved in the induction and …

Mammals have evolved neurophysiologic reflexes, such as coughing and scratching, to
expel invading pathogens and noxious environmental stimuli. It is well established that …

It is time to shift the arachidonic acid (ARA) paradigm from a harm-generating molecule to its
status of polyunsaturated fatty acid essential for normal health. ARA is an integral constituent …

Abstract T helper 2 (TH 2) cells orchestrate protective type 2 immune responses, such as
those that target helminths and facilitate tissue repair, but also contribute to chronic …

It is estimated that more than 339 million people worldwide suffer from asthma. The leading
cause of asthma development is the breakdown of immune tolerance to inhaled allergens …

Metastasis constitutes the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, with the lung being a
commonly affected organ. We found that activation of lung-resident group 2 innate lymphoid …