Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP
generation. However, in situations where glucose is sparse, eg, during prolonged fasting …

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of
neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes …

Abstract Ketone bodies–3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB), acetoacetate, and acetone–are ancient,
evolutionarily preserved, small fuel substrates, which uniquely can substitute and alternate …

Various intermittent fasting (IF) dietary plans have gained popularity among obese
individuals in recent years as a means of achieving weight loss. However, studies …

In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet,
rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary …

Abstract d-β-hydroxybutyrate (d-3HB), a monomer of microbial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), is
also a natural ketone body produced during carbohydrate deprivation to provide energy to …

As the incidence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCDs) increases, preventive
approaches become more crucial. In this review, calorie restriction (CR) effects on human …

Animals live in habitats fraught with a range of environmental challenges to their bodies and
brains. Accordingly, cells and organ systems have evolved stress-responsive signaling …

Exogenous oral ketone supplements, primarily in form of ketone salts or esters, have
emerged as a useful research tool for manipulating metabolism with potential therapeutic …

Ketone bodies are considered alternative fuels for the brain when glucose availability is
limited. To determine the neuroregenerative potential of D, L-sodium-beta-hydroxybutyrate …