The causative agent of mumps is a single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA
virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. Besides the classic symptom of painfully …

Macrophages comprise a heterogeneous immune cell population and display niche-specific
phenotypes and functions in almost all organs. Testicular macrophages (TMs) perform …

Objective High-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders can lead to impaired sperm
production. We aim to investigate if HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis can functionally …

Macrophages are the principal immune cells of the epididymis and testis, but their origins,
heterogeneity, development, and maintenance are not well understood. Here, we describe …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—an endotoxin that is being extensively used in laboratory to
mimic microbial infection that adversely affects male fertility. This study investigated the …

Studies have indicated that the ethanol exposure impairs the gut microbiota, At the same
time, high levels of alcohol exposure damage sperm in mice. However, whether the gut …

Lead (Pb) acts as an environmental endocrine disruptor and has negative effects in animals;
excessive accumulation of lead causes reproductive dysfunction in male animals. Oxidative …

The epididymis is a tubular structure connecting the vas deferens to the testis. This organ
consists of three main regions—caput, corpus, and cauda—that face opposing …

The epididymis functions as transition zone for post-testicular sperm maturation and storage
and faces contrasting immunological challenges, ie tolerance towards spermatozoa vs …

Introduction One of the most intriguing aspects of male reproductive physiology is the ability
of the epididymis to prevent the mounting of immune responses against the onslaught of …