Abstract Following the Great Depression and related home foreclosures, the federal
government established new agencies to facilitate access to affordable home mortgages …

Abstract Background Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are an increasingly popular approach
for identifying confounding variables that require conditioning when estimating causal …

Background There is growing concern about the potential associations between social
media use and mental health and wellbeing in young people. We explored associations …

Background: Scholars and policymakers have criticized public education in developed
countries for perpetuating health and income disparities. Several studies have examined the …

Abstract The United Nations recently agreed to major expansions of global protected areas
(PAs) to slow biodiversity declines. However, although reserves often reduce habitat loss …

Bias is a systematic, nonrandom error in the estimation of a treatment effect or the effect of
an exposure or risk factor. Bias can lead to invalid results in observational studies and …

Although xylem embolism is a key process during drought‐induced tree mortality, its
relationship to wood anatomy remains debated. While the functional link between bordered …

Importance Studies investigating the association of threat-related and deprivation-related
adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with later-life cognitive decline are lacking …

Background Child marriage, defined as marriage before 18 years of age, is a violation of
human rights and a marker of gender inequality. Growing attention to this issue on the global …

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), which offer systematic representations of causal
relationships, have become an established framework for the analysis of causal inference in …