The reactivation of a stored memory in the brain can make the memory transiently labile.
During the time it takes for the memory to restabilize (reconsolidate) the memory can either …

Since Freud, clinicians have understood that disturbing memories contribute to
psychopathology and that new emotional experiences contribute to therapeutic change. Yet …

The fully updated eighth edition of Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook provides
comprehensive yet accessible coverage of all the key areas in the field ranging from visual …

Memories are readily distorted. What conditions allow memories to be altered? Converging
evidence implicates prediction error, or surprise, as a key mechanism that renders memories …

The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a broad role in learning and
memory. Here we begin with an overview of the LC-NE system. We then consider how both …

Research in nonhuman animals suggests that reactivation can induce a transient, unstable
state in a previously consolidated memory, during which the memory can be disrupted or …

The processes of memory formation and storage are complex and highly dynamic. Once
memories are consolidated, they are not necessarily fixed but can be changed long after …

Translational research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has produced limited
improvements in clinical practice. Fear conditioning (FC) is one of the dominant animal …

Although reconsolidation opens up new avenues to erase excessive fear memory, subtle
boundary conditions put constraints on retrieval-induced plasticity. Reconsolidation may …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by abnormally persistent and
distressing memories, is a chronic debilitating condition in need of new treatment options …