Activation of fibroblasts is a key event during normal tissue repair after injury and the
dysregulated repair processes that result in organ fibrosis. To most researchers, fibroblasts …

Through their potential pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory properties, macrophages are at the
cross-road of key SSc pathogenic processes and associated manifestations. Investigative …

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (also termed Jakinibs) constitute a family of small drugs that
target various isoforms of JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and/or tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2)). They …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a destructive connective tissue disease characterized by
dysregulation of the immune system and fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. The …

More than 100 years have passed since Elie Metchnikoff discovered macrophage. Over the
recent decade, attracting information about macrophage polarization have been reported …

Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by
overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) and multiorgan fibrosis. Animal studies pointed …

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune
homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto-or allo-reactive effector T cells through a …

Systemic sclerosis is a rare and chronic connective tissue disease with a multifaceted
pathogenesis characterised by heterogeneous multi-organ clinical manifestations. Every …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease that affects the connective tissue, causing
fibrosis. SSc patients show altered immune cell composition and activation in the peripheral …

Background Rheumatic diseases include a variety of autoimmune and autoinflammatory
conditions that are characterised by musculoskeletal involvement and systemic disease …