Redox reactions play important roles in almost all biological processes, including
photosynthesis and respiration, which are two essential energy processes that sustain all life …

Approximately one-half of all known protein crystal structures in the protein data bank (PDB)
contain metal ion cofactors, which play vital roles in charge neutralization, structure, and …

All electron-transfer reactions are presumed to involve a significant reorganizational energy
representing a combination of (i) the internal changes in bond lengths and angles due to …

The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of blue copper proteins are strikingly
different from those of inorganic copper complexes in aqueous solution. Over three decades …

The ligand K-edge probes the ligand 1s→ valence np transitions. These transitions acquire
intensity when the ligand is bound to an open shell metal ion. This intensity quantifies the …

The food and beverage industry is seeking to broaden the palette of naturally derived
colorants. Although considerable effort has been devoted to the search for new blue …

This Handbook on Metalloproteins focuses on the available structural information of proteins
and their metal ion coordination spheres. It centers on the metal ions indispensable for life …

A wide variety of spectroscopic methods are now available that provide complimentary
insights into the electronic structures of transition-metal complexes. Combined with …

The copper coordination geometry in the blue copper proteins plastocyanin, nitrite
reductase, cucumber basic protein, and azurin has been studied by combined density …

In plant reproduction, pollination is an essential process that delivers the sperm through
specialized extracellular matrices (ECM) of the pistil to the ovule. Although specific …