Although oral drug delivery is the preferred administration route and has been used for
centuries, modern drug discovery and development pipelines challenge conventional …

Animal models are commonly used in the preclinical development of new drugs to predict
the metabolic behaviour of new compounds in humans. It is, however, important to realise …

Variation in the CYP3A enzymes, which act in drug metabolism, influences circulating
steroid levels and responses to half of all oxidatively metabolized drugs. CYP3A activity is …

A number of anatomical and physiological factors determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a
drug. Differences in physiology in paediatric populations compared with adults can influence …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of
specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic …

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) family transporters accept a number of drugs
and are increasingly being recognized as important factors in governing drug and …

The aim of this review is to analyse critically the recent literature on the clinical
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tacrolimus in solid organ transplant recipients …

Background The management of warfarin therapy is complicated by a wide variation among
patients in drug response. Variants in the gene encoding vitamin K epoxide reductase …

The human CYP3A subfamily plays a dominant role in the metabolic elimination of more
drugs than any other biotransformation enzyme. CYP3A enzyme is localized in the liver and …

Caco-2 cells are a human colon epithelial cancer cell line used as a model of human
intestinal absorption of drugs and other compounds. When cultured as a monolayer, Caco-2 …