The Earth's cryosphere comprises those regions that are cold enough for water to turn into
ice. Recent findings show that the icy realms of polar oceans, glaciers and ice sheets are …

Within the wealth of molecules constituting marine dissolved organic matter, carbohydrates
make up the largest coherent and quantifiable fraction. Their main sources are from primary …

In aquatic habitats, micro‐organisms successfully adhere to and mediate particles, thus
changing the erosive response of fine sediments to hydrodynamic forcing by secreting glue …

Airborne dispersal of microalgae has largely been a blind spot in environmental biological
studies because of their low concentration in the atmosphere and the technical limitations in …

Inherent to sea ice, like other high latitude environments, is the strong seasonality driven by
changes in insolation throughout the year. Sea-ice organisms are exposed to shifting …

Background Cyanobacteria are major primary producers in extreme cold ecosystems. Many
lineages of cyanobacteria thrive in these harsh environments, but it is not fully understood …

Microrganisms from sea ice, glacial and subglacial environments are currently under
investigation due to their relevant ecological functions in these habitats, and to their potential …

The impact of sea spray aerosol (SSA) on climate depends on the size and chemical
composition of individual particles that make up the total SSA ensemble. There remains a …

Diatom biofilms are abundant in the marine environment. It is assumed (but untested) that
extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), produced by diatoms, enable cells to cope with …

Snow and ice environments cover up to 21% of the Earth's surface. They have been
regarded as extreme environments because of their low temperatures, high UV irradiation …