In arbitrary dimension, in the discrete setting of finite-differences we prove a Carleman
estimate for a semi-discrete parabolic operator, in which the large parameter is connected to …

About a 100 years ago, the Drosophila white mutant marked the birth of Drosophila genetics.
The white gene turned out to encode the first well studied ABC transporter in arthropods …

Effective treatment of metastatic cancers usually requires the use of toxic chemotherapy. In
most cases, multiple drugs are used, as resistance to single agents occurs almost …

The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy remains a major
challenge in the treatment of cancer. Resistance exists against every effective anticancer …

▪ Abstract The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of large proteins in
membranes and are able to transport a variety of compounds through membranes against …

Three ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-superfamily multidrug efflux pumps are known to be
responsible for chemoresistance; P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), MRP1 (ABCC1) and ABCG2 …

P-glycoprotein, the most extensively studied ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter,
functions as a biological barrier by extruding toxins and xenobiotics out of cells. In vitro and …

Over 1 million new cases of all types of cancer are diagnosed each year in the United States
alone, and 559 650 cancer-related deaths were expected to occur in 2007. 1 …

Purpose Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (ACT) is a serious adverse drug reaction
limiting anthracycline use and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to …

The management of cancer involves procedures, which include surgery, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy. Development of chemoresistance is a persistent problem during the …