This article reviews the general features of the multiscale structures in particle–fluid systems
and the characterization, modeling, and simulation methods for these systems. The …

Gas-solid fluidized-bed systems offer great advantages in terms of chemical reaction
efficiency and temperature control where other chemical reactor designs fall short. For this …

Dense gas-solid reacting flow is practised in many industrial processes where the particle
number may be huge and cannot be modelled using the conventional CFD-DEM approach …

For a single isolated particle, the effect of overlap displacement on conduction and the effect
of particle diameter/fluid velocity on convection are comprehensively studied using a CFD …

The raceway dynamics and combustion by lateral injection of high-temperature gas into a
packed bed of solid fuel are widely practised in various industries such as ironmaking blast …

The raceway dynamics in ironmaking blast furnaces (BFs) are critical to determining energy
efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions, but a comprehensive assessment of the …

A new combined infrared/particle image velocimetry/digital image analysis (IR/PIV/DIA)
measuring technique for investigating heat transfer in gas–solid fluidized beds has been …

The end-of-life solar panels can be disassembled through pyrolysis by removing the binder-
ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) for panel recycling, yet its research is still in its early stages. In …

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is an emerging technology for reducing greenhouse
gas emissions, yet the complex physical-thermal-chemical behaviour in the CLG unit has not …

Abstract Fluidized Beds (FBs) are widely employed in the petroleum and coal energy sector
because they offer excellent contact, both in terms of high surface area and long times. The …